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摘要用3種不同有机溶剂对蛇床子Cnidium monnieri、白头翁Pulsatilla chinensis、百部Stemona japonica、半夏Pinellia ternata、紫丁香Syringa oblate进行了提取，获得15种植物粗提物，并采用玻片浸渍法对二斑叶螨进行室内药效测定。结果表明，当各粗提物浓度为5.00 mg/mL时，蛇床子丙酮提取物ASCZ和蛇床子氯仿提取物CSCZ在处理24 h后，二斑叶螨的校正死亡率为100%，具较好的杀螨活性。室内毒力试验表明，ASCZ、CSCZ、百部乙醇提取物EBB、白头翁乙醇提取物EBTW、白头翁氯仿提取物CBTW对二斑叶螨的LC50分别为2.68、1.68、4.14、11.91、5.93 mg/mL。测定施药后4 h和24 h二斑叶螨体内乙酰胆碱酯酶（AchE）、羧酸酯酶（CarE）、酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酯酶（ALP）、谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GSTs）、多功能氧化酶（MFOs）等解毒代谢酶的活力变化情况，结果表明，白头翁、紫丁香、蛇床子的活性成分主要抑制二斑叶螨体内AchE、GSTs、ACP和CarE而发挥杀螨作用，而百部粗提物主要抑制的是害螨体内GSTs和MFO。ASCZ、CSCZ提取率达19.83%和21.62%，表明这两种中药提取物有较高的提取率和杀螨活性，具有很大的开发潜力。
关键词
中药提取物；二斑叶螨；蛇床子；白头翁；百部；半夏；紫丁香；生物活性；解毒代谢酶
中图分类号：
S 482.1
文献标识码：A
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.05291542.2017.05.012
Efficacy of miticidal activity of the crude extracts of some Chinese
medicines against Tetranychus urticae
Song Shanshan，Wang Hui，Wang Zhangxun，Wang Xinpu
（College of Agriculture， Ningxia University， Yinchuan 750021， China）
Abstract
The miticidal activity of 15 kinds of crude extracts from five Chinese medicines ， including Cnidium monnieri， Pulsatilla chinensis， Stemona japonica， Pinellia ternata and Syringa oblate by three different solvents were determined against Tetranychus urticae by using the slidedip method. The bioassay results showed that the corrected death rate of T. urticae was 100% at 24 h after treated with 5.00 mg/mL acetoneC.monnieri （ASCZ） and chloroformC.monnieri （CSCZ）， which showed a good miticidal activity. The virulence of acetoneC.monnieri （ASCZ）， chloroformC.monnieri （CSCZ）， ethanolS.japonica （EBB）， ethanolP.chinensis （EBTW） and chloroformP.chinensis （CBTW） crude extracts against T. urticae was measured. The results showed that the LC50 values were 2.68 mg/mL， 1.68 mg/mL， 4.14 mg/mL， 11.91 mg/mL， 5.93 mg/mL， respectively. The activities of acetylcholinesterase， carboxylic acid esterase， acid phosphatase， alkaline phosphatase， glutathione Stransferase， multifunction oxidase of T. urticae were determined at 4 h and 24 h after application of the extracts. The results showed that the active ingredients of P. chinensis， S.oblate， and C.monnieri inhibited acetylcholinesterase， glutathione Stransferase， phosphatase and carboxylesterase of T. urticae， but S.japonica inhibited glutathione Stransferase and multifunction oxidase of T. urticae. The extraction rates of acetoneC.monnieri （ASCZ） and chloroformC.monnieri （CSCZ） were 19.83% and 21.62%， respectively. Because of the high extraction rate and high acaricidal activity， these two crude extracts have great potential for development.