Passage 1
Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples taken earlier this year.
Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica， one of the world’s last great wildernesses， according to a new study. 1
Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the continent earlier this year.
These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics.
The findings come amid growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks “permanent contamination” of the planet.
Earlier this week， the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done.
The new report by researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing2 and climate change.
Frida Bengtsson， of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign， said the findings proved that even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.
“We need action at source， to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place， and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins， whales and the entire ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing，” she said.
Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the persistent hazardous chemicals.
Researchers said the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered included freshly fallen snow， suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain or snowfall.
Prof Alex Rogers， a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school， Oxford University， said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown.
“The big question now is what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here？ Many of these chemicals are pretty nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health of wildlife， and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life， likewise， are largely not understood，” he said.
There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters， and researchers said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic and chemical pollutants.
Bengtsson said： “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans， from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean， the Mariana trench. We need urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves—like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for—to protect marine life and our oceans for future generations3.”
【注释】
1. 本句中的be found in 表示“存在”。one of the world’s last great wildernesses 是Antarctica的同位语。同位语也是CATTI考试的测试重点之一。
同位语的翻译一般采取以下两种方法：（一）同位语较短的，就按源语顺序翻译即可;（二）较长的同位语，则需要译为句子，将同位语的先行词（如本句中的Antarctica）作主语或增加代词主语，谓语动词用“是”。因此本句可处理成：
南极洲是世界上仅剩的荒原之一。一项新的研究表明，南极洲存在着塑料和有害化学物质的痕迹。（重复“南极洲”）
又如：
a） With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season， a giant school of bass， a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets， was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here. （2005年5月CATTI二级笔译实务真题）（2分）
当时的评分标准说明是：①school 若理解错误，扣1分;②a tasty fish…同位语，可放在后面，另起一句。若照搬原文结构，译文别扭，扣1分。译文：
旱季缺水高峰，河水迅速下降。十几只小船正在河里撒網，一大群鲈鱼正游进网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。
b） South Asians such as Haque have transformed Bethany， a neighborhood north of Beaverton. It is dense with immigrants from Gujarat， a state in India and primary source for the first wave of Beaverton’s South Asian immigrants. （2013年11月三级笔译实务）
许多像哈克这样的南亚人使得比佛顿市北部的贝瑟妮街区改头换面。这里聚居着来自印度古吉拉特邦的移民，该邦也是比佛顿首批南亚移民的主要来源地。
2. 本句中的industrial 不能译为“工业的”。同样的内容在2005年5月CATTI二级笔译实务试卷中已经考过，即industrial fishing boats。评分标准是这样说的：industrial译成“工业的”，扣1分。由于英语中，commercial与 industrial是同义词，经常换用，所以commercial fishing经常由industrial fishing来替代。故本文应该译为“商业捕捞”或“规模捕捞”，而不是“工业捕捞”。
3. 本句中的like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for又是一个插入语。我们可以按上文讲解的方法将其置于句尾，即：要为子孙后代保护好海洋生物和海洋，我们还需要建立大规模的海洋保护区，就像160多万人正在呼吁的那种大型南极海洋保护区一样。
【译文】
今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了塑料微粒和有害化学物质。
南极洲是世界上仅剩的荒原之一。一项新的研究表明，南极洲存在着塑料和有害化学物质的痕迹。
今年年初，科研人员从遥远的南极采集水和雪的样本，历时3个月。
通过对这些样本进行分析，科研人员证实，其中大多数含有“持久性有害化学物质”，也叫塑料微粒。
这些发现正值人们对塑料污染危机程度日益忧虑之际;科学家们警告说，塑料污染危机可能会给地球带来“永久性污染”的风险。
本周早些时候，联合国警告称，塑料污染是世界上最严重的环境威胁之一，并表示，尽管有60个国家正在采取紧急行动，但还是需要采取更多的措施。
绿色和平组织的研究人员发布的新报告是全球保护运动的一部分，该运动旨在在南极周围海域建立起世界上最大的海洋保护区，以保护脆弱的生态系统免受商业捕鱼（规模捕捞）和气候变化的影响。
绿色和平组织的“保护南极洲运动”成员弗丽达·本特松称，研究发现证明：即使是地球上最偏远的地区，也无法避免人为污染的影响。
她说：“我们需要从源头采取行动，首先要阻止这些污染物最终流到南极，我们还需要建立一个南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼和整个生态系提供生存空间，好让它们从正在面临的压力中恢复过来。”
在检测的8个海面水样本中，7个含有微纤维等塑料微粒。在检测的9个雪样本中，7个样本均可检测出持久性有害化学物质的浓度。
研究人员称，这些化学品广泛应用于多种工业加工工艺和消费品中，并导致野生动物的生殖和发育问题。他们又称，所采集的雪样本中也有刚下的雪，这表明有害化学物质源自受污染的雨水或降雪。
牛津大学马丁学院的海洋可持续发展研究专家亚历克斯·罗杰斯教授称，南极洲发现的塑料和化学制品证实了人为污染物正在影响世界各个角落的生态系统。他警告道，这种无所不在的污染导致的后果，很大程度上仍不为人所知。
罗杰斯说：“目前最大的问题是，在南极洲发现这些有害化学物质的实质性后果是什么？这些化学物质中有许多相当有害，当其沿着食物链向上移动时，对野生动物的健康可能会产生严重后果，最终会危害人类健康。塑料微粒对海洋生物的影响，同样在很大程度上也不为人知。”
有关南极水域塑料微粒程度的研究數据相对较少，因此研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究会使人们更深入地认识全球塑料和化学污染物的程度。
本特松说：“从南极到北极，甚至于海底最深处马里亚纳海沟，海洋的各个角落都能发现塑料。因而我们需要采取紧急行动，减少流入海洋的塑料。要为子孙后代保护好海洋生物和海洋，我们还需要建立大规模的海洋保护区，就像160多万人正在呼吁的那种大型南极海洋保护区一样。”